What might cause the delamination of an electrically heated windshield?

Delamination of an electrically heated windshield can occur due to a combination of factors, making "all of the above" the most comprehensive answer. Each option presents a plausible cause that could compromise the integrity of the windshield.

Excessive moisture buildup can lead to delamination by creating a humid environment between the layers of the windshield. This moisture can weaken the adhesive bonds holding the layers together and lead to separation over time.

Improper installation is another significant factor. If the windshield is not fitted correctly, it may be subjected to stresses that exceed the material's tolerance. This misalignment can cause the adhesive seal to fail, promoting delamination.

Thermal expansion and contraction occur when the windshield is heated and cooled throughout its usage. The materials expand and contract at different rates, which can stress the adhesive bond over time. If the bond is not adequately designed to accommodate these changes, it could lead to delamination.

Therefore, considering all these potential causes, "all of the above" accurately captures the range of factors that might contribute to the delamination of an electrically heated windshield.