What is the purpose of a fuel dump system?

The purpose of a fuel dump system is to quickly release fuel from an aircraft in order to reduce its weight to a safe level for landing. This is particularly important in situations where an aircraft must return to the airport shortly after takeoff or is otherwise unable to land at its current weight, which could exceed the maximum landing weight specified by the manufacturer. By dumping fuel, the pilot can achieve a lower weight that is suitable for a safe landing without risking structural damage to the aircraft or unsafe landing conditions.

This system is typically found on larger commercial aircraft that may carry substantial amounts of fuel for longer flights. The capability to dump fuel allows pilots to return safely without having to burn excess fuel for an extended period, which could complicate the situation and put additional strain on the aircraft.